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沙发
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发表于 2018-1-20 09:59:36
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我的主要突破发生在，我遇到心理学家艾伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之后，不知你们了不了解艾伯特.班杜拉。但如果你们查查维基百科，上面写着他是历史上最重要的心理学家第四名。弗洛伊德、斯金纳、某某和班杜拉，班杜拉已经86岁了，还在斯坦福任职。他是一个友善的人。
我去拜访他，因他在恐惧症领域有多年经验，而我对此很感兴趣。他开发出一种方法能在短时间内治好各种恐惧症。在四小时的治疗时间里，治愈率相当高。
In four hours he had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias. And we talked about snakes. I don' tknow why we talked about snakes. We talked about snakes and fear of snakes as aphobia. And it was really enjoyable, really interesting. He told me that he'd invite the test subject in, and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room and we're going to go in there." To which, he reported, most of them replied, "Hell no, I'm not going in there,certainly if there's a snake in there." But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful. So he'd take people to this two-way mirror looking into the room where the snake was, and he'd get them comfortable with that. And then through a series of steps, he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway withthe door open and they'd be looking in there. And he'd get them comfortable with that. And then many more steps later, baby steps, they'd be in the room,they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on,and they'd eventually touch the snake. And when they touched the snake everything was fine. They were cured. In fact, everything was better than fine. These people who had life-long fears of snakes were saying things like,"Look how beautiful that snakes."And they were holding it in their laps. Bandura calls this process"guided mastery." I love that term: guided mastery.
我们谈到了，不过我们就谈到了蛇，以及人对蛇的恐惧，谈话令人愉悦，非常有趣。他告诉我他邀请受试者进入房间，对他们说：“隔壁房间有一条蛇，我们要走进去”多数受试者回答“天哪，不！我肯定不会进去的！有蛇在那儿”。班杜拉有一套极为成功的步骤。首先他把受试者带到双面镜前，观察蛇在房间里的动向，让人们逐渐适应。然后经过一系列步骤，受试者被带到打开的房间门口站着，往里面看，并逐渐适应。之后还有许多循序渐进的步骤，他们进入房间，带着焊工那种皮手套，触摸蛇。当他们摸到蛇的时候，事实上，结果比这更好，这些生来对蛇恐惧的人，说道“看那条蛇多漂亮”。他们可以把蛇放在膝盖上，班杜拉称之为“引导性掌控”，我喜欢这个术语：“引导性掌控”。
And something else happened, these people who went through the process and touched the snake ended up having less anxiety about other things in their lives. They tried harder,they persevered longer, and they were more resilient in the face of failure.They just gained a new confidence. And Bandura calls that confidence self-efficacy -- the sense that you can change the world and that you can attain what you set out to do.Well meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me because I realized that this famous scientist had documented and scientifically validated something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years. That we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative, and we could take them through a series of steps, kind of like a series of small successes, and they turn fear into familiarity, and they surprise themselves. That transformation is amazing. We see it at the d.school all the time. People from all different kinds of disciplines, they think of themselves as only analytical. And they come in and they go through the process, our process, they build confidence and now they think of themselves differently. And they're totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around thinking of themselves as a creative person. So I thought one of the things I'd do today is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.
其他的事发生了，在这些人经历所有程序最后触摸到蛇后，他们对生活中其他事情的焦虑也都减轻了，他们更努力，更坚持，在失败面前表现得更有韧性。他们获得了一种新的自信，班杜拉称这种自信为自我效能。一种你能改变世界的感觉，你能达成自己目标的感觉。与班杜拉的会见对我意义非凡，因为我认识到这位著名的科学家。有文献和科学证据来证明，我们过去三十年所见证的事情，证明了我们可以带领那些惧怕自己没有创造力的人们，通过一系列步骤，一系列小小的成功，把惧怕成为熟悉，让他们给自己带来惊喜，这种转变是惊人的。我们不断在斯坦福设计学院(d.school)看到，不同学科的人们，他们认为自己只是善于分析。他们来我们这儿，经历我们开发的流程，树立自信，对自己产生新的看法。他们会非常的激动，因为他们从此之后，会认为自己是有创造力的人。我认为我今天的任务之一，就是向你们展示这个过程是怎样的。
To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz. Doug Dietz is a technical person. He designs medical imagine equipment, large medical imaging equipment. He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career. But at one point he had a moment of crisis. He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use when he saw a young family. There was a little girl, and that little girl was crying and was terrified. And Doug was really disappointed to learn that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine. And this was really disappointing to Doug, because before this time he was proud of what he did. He was saving lives with this machine. But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids. About that time he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes. He was learning about our process about design thinking, about empathy, about it erative prototyping.And he would take this new knowledge and do something quite extraordinary. He would redesign the entire experience of being scanned. And this is what he came up with.
对于我来说，演示这个过程最好的例子就是道格.迪兹(Doug Dietz)，道格.迪兹是个技术型人才。他设计医用成像设备，大型的医用成像设备。他为通用电气(GE)工作，有非常成功的事业，不过他也曾有危机时刻。他在医院里观察他的核磁共振仪器的实际使用，他看到一个年轻的家庭，那家的小女孩，被吓哭了。道格心情沮丧地发现，医院里将近80%的儿科患者，需要服用镇静剂才能做核磁共振。因为这之前他一直为自己的工作感到骄傲，这令道格大为受挫。他觉得自己的这台机器能拯救生命，然而事实给了他很大打击，这台机器给孩子们带来的是恐惧。就在那时，他正在斯坦福设计学院学习，他知道了我们的流程。关于设计思维，同理心以及迭代的原型设计。他运用了这些新知识，做出了非凡的成果。他重新设计了扫描检查的全部体验，这就是他的成果。
He turned it into an adventure for the kids. He painted the walls and he painted the machine, and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids, like children's museum people. And now when the kid comes, it's an experience. And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship. And when they come, they say,"Okay, you're going to go into the pirate ship, but be very still because we don't want the pirates to find you." And the results were super dramatic. So from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated,to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated. And the hospital and GE were happy too. Because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time, they could put more kids through the machine in a day. So the quantitative results were great. But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative. He was with one of the mothers waiting for her child to come out of the scan. And when the little girl came out of her scan, she ran up to her mother and said, "Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?"
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发表于 2018-1-20 09:59:06
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